Surgery Hernia Types for UPSC CMS: Inguinal, Femoral, Umbilical and Incisional Compared

Inguinal Hernia#

Indirect: Protrudes through deep inguinal ring, lateral to inferior epigastric vessels. Follows inguinal canal. Covers entire canal. Congenital (patent processus vaginalis).

Direct: Protrudes through Hesselbach triangle (medial to IEV). Does not cover full canal. Acquired (weak abdominal wall).

Femoral Hernia#

Protrudes through femoral canal. Below inguinal ligament. More common in women. HIGH risk of strangulation.

Umbilical Hernia#

Through umbilical ring. Common in infants (often closes by age 2). In adults: associated with obesity, multiparity, ascites.

Incisional Hernia#

At previous surgical scar. Risk factors: obesity, wound infection, poor suturing.