Surgery Shock Types for UPSC CMS: Hypovolemic, Septic, Cardiogenic and Neurogenic

Hypovolemic Shock#

Causes: Hemorrhage, burns, diarrhea, vomiting, third spacing.
Features: Cold, clammy skin, tachycardia, hypotension, low JVP, oliguria.
Management: IV fluids (crystalloid first), blood if hemorrhagic, treat cause.

Septic Shock#

Warm shock (early): Warm, flushed skin, bounding pulse, wide pulse pressure. Cold shock (late): Cold, clammy, narrow pulse pressure.
Management: Fluids (30mL/kg), Antibiotics within 1 hour, Vasopressors (norepinephrine).

Cardiogenic Shock#

Low CO, high PCWP. Causes: Large MI, severe arrhythmia, valve rupture. Treatment: Inotropes (dobutamine, dopamine), afterload reduction, PCI.

Neurogenic Shock#

Loss of sympathetic tone. Warm, dry skin, hypotension, bradycardia.