Surgery Trauma for UPSC CMS: ATLS, Abdominal Trauma, Burns and Polytrauma Management

ATLS Primary Survey

A: Airway with C-spine
B: Breathing (chest X-ray, chest tube if hemopneumothorax)
C: Circulation (2 large-bore IVs, fluid resuscitation, pelvic binder)
D: Disability (GCS, pupils)
E: Exposure (log roll, examine back)

Abdominal Trauma

Blunt: FAST scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma). Positive = emergency laparotomy.
Penetrating: Gunshot (explore all), Stab (selective management).

Burns

Rule of Nines: Head 9%, each arm 9%, each leg 18%, anterior trunk 18%, posterior trunk 18%, perineum 1%.
Fluid resuscitation: Parkland formula (4mL x %TBSA x weight in kg) = 50% in first 8 hours.