Surgery Breast Diseases for UPSC CMS: Benign vs Malignant, TNM Staging and Management

Benign Breast Diseases#

Fibroadenoma: Young women (15-35), mobile, well-defined lump. Treatment: excision.

Fibrocystic change: Pre-menopausal women, cyclical pain, lumpy breasts.

Galactocele: Milk-filled cyst in lactating women.

Carcinoma Breast#

Risk factors: Female, age >50, family history (BRCA1/2), early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, HRT.

Clinical features: Hard, irregular, fixed lump. Skin changes (peau dorange), nipple retraction, axillary nodes.

TNM Staging: T (tumor size), N (nodal involvement), M (metastasis). Stages I-IV.

Treatment#

Stage I-II: Surgery (BCT or MRM) + Adjuvant therapy.
Stage III: Neoadjuvant chemo -> Surgery -> Adjuvant.
Stage IV: Palliative.