Surgery Abdominal Conditions for UPSC CMS: Appendicitis, Hernia, Intestinal Obstruction and Peritonitis

Appendicitis#

McBurney point tenderness, Rovsing sign (LLQ pressure -> RLQ pain), Psoas sign (pain on extension), Obturator sign (pain on internal rotation).

Ward signs: Rovsing, Cope (psoas), Cope (obturator), Dunphy (pain on coughing).

Intestinal Obstruction#

Causes: Adhesions (most common), Hernias, Tumors, Volvulus, Intussusception.

Features: Colicky abdominal pain, distension, vomiting (bilious then feculent), absolute constipation.

Peritonitis#

Generalised: Rigid abdomen, absent bowel sounds, rebound tenderness. Causes: perforated viscus, gangrenous bowel.