Depression
F32 (single episode), F33 (recurrent). Symptoms: low mood, anhedonia, weight change, sleep disturbance, fatigue, guilt, concentration, suicidality. First-line: SSRIs.
Anxiety Disorders
GAD: excessive worry >6 months. Panic disorder: recurrent panic attacks with anticipatory anxiety. Treatment: SSRIs + CBT.
Schizophrenia
F20. Positive symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech. Negative symptoms: flat affect, avolition. First-line: atypical antipsychotics (Olanzapine, Risperidone).
Bipolar Disorder
F31. Manic episode: elevated mood, grandiosity, decreased sleep, pressured speech. Depressive episode as above. Treatment: mood stabilizers (Lithium, Valproate, Carbamazepine).
Psychiatric Drug Classes
SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, Benzodiazepines, Atypical antipsychotics, Mood stabilizers, Stimulants (ADHD).
References & further reading
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Revision history
- 19 September 2026 — Initial publication
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between ICD-10 and ICD-11 classifications?
ICD-11 (2022) simplified classifications: F32 = single episode depressive disorder, F33 = recurrent depressive disorder, F20 = schizophrenia, F31 = bipolar disorder. UPSC CMS now references ICD-11.
What is the first-line drug for depression?
SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Escitalopram) are first-line. They inhibit serotonin reuptake. Side effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia. SNRIs (Venlafaxine) for atypical depression.
What is ECT used for?
ECT is used for severe depression (especially with suicidality or psychosis), catatonia, and treatment-resistant depression. It is the most effective treatment for severe depression.
Related reading
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