Community Medicine for UPSC CMS: Demography, Health Indicators and National Programs Deep Dive

Demography#

Crude Birth Rate: Live births per 1000 population per year.
Crude Death Rate: Deaths per 1000 population per year.
Growth Rate: Birth rate - Death rate + Net migration.
Total Fertility Rate: Average number of children per woman.
Replacement Level: TFR of 2.1.

Health Indicators#

IMR: Deaths under 1 year per 1000 live births. India: ~28 (2023).
MMR: Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. India: ~97 (2018-20).
NMR: Neonatal deaths per 1000 live births.
U5MR: Under-5 deaths per 1000 live births.