Upper Limb Fractures
- Colles: Distal radius, dorsal displacement (FOOSH)
- Smith: Distal radius, volar displacement (reverse Colles)
- Monteggia: Proximal ulna + radial head dislocation
- Galeazzi: Distal radius + distal radioulnar joint dislocation
- Scaphoid: Fall on outstretched hand, anatomic snuffbox tenderness
Lower Limb Fractures
- Pott: Bimalleolar ankle fracture, external rotation injury
- Pilon: Distal tibia into ankle joint, high energy
- Femur neck: Intracapsular, risk of AVN
- Intertrochanteric: Extracapsular, stable fixation
- Tibial plateau: Lateral compartment depression
Spine Fractures
- Jefferson: C1 burst fracture (axial loading)
- Hangman: C2 pars fracture (hyperextension)
- Chance: Flexion-distraction, thoracolumbar
- Burst: Axial loading, comminuted vertebral body
Fracture Complications
Acute: Hemorrhage, fat embolism, compartment syndrome. Chronic: Non-union, malunion, AVN, post-traumatic arthritis.
References & further reading
Every clinical claim in this article is anchored to a primary source. Click through to verify, and use the same habit in your revision.
Revision history
- 19 September 2026 — Initial publication
Frequently asked questions
What is the most common fracture in elderly?
Hip fracture (femoral neck / intertrochanteric) is the most common fracture in elderly due to osteoporosis. Low-energy fall mechanism. Requires surgical fixation to prevent complications.
What is Colles fracture?
Fracture of distal radius with dorsal displacement and dorsal tilt. Caused by fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH). Classic dinner fork deformity on X-ray.
How are fractures classified?
By: (1) Pattern — transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted, impacted, (2) Displacement — displaced, non-displaced, (3) Soft tissue — open (Gustilo), closed, (4) Bone involvement — simple, compound, pathological.
Related reading
Hand this plan to your study group.
CrackCMS is a free study desk for medical PG aspirants — 3,300+ PYQs, full mock simulators, spaced-repetition flashcards and an AI tutor that compares stem formats across UPSC CMS and NEET PG.
CrackCMS by CrackLabs AI · Editorial policy · Medical review policy
Join the discussion
Comments are opening soon.
The CrackCMS blog uses GitHub Discussions for comments (no spam, no third-party trackers). The discussion forum is being set up and comments will appear here automatically once it's live.
In the meantime, ping us at [email protected] or use the in-app AI tutor for any clarification.