Orthopaedics Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours for UPSC CMS: Classification, Features and Management

Bone Tumor Classification#

Benign: Osteoma, Osteoid osteoma, Osteochondroma, Enchondroma, Giant cell tumor, Aneurysmal bone cyst.

Malignant: Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, Fibrosarcoma.

Common Bone Tumors#

Osteosarcoma: Most common primary malignant bone tumor. Adolescents, metaphysis of long bones (distal femur). X-ray: sunburst appearance, Codman triangle. Treatment: Neo-adjuvant chemo + surgery + adjuvant chemo.

Ewing Sarcoma: Children, diaphysis of long bones. X-ray: onion-skin periosteal reaction. Treatment: Chemo + surgery/radiotherapy.

Enneking Staging#

Stage I: Low grade (intracompartmental A, extracompartmental B).
Stage II: High grade (intracompartmental A, extracompartmental B).
Stage III: Metastatic.