Surgical Oncology for UPSC CMS: Common Cancers, Staging and Surgical Management

Oesophageal Cancer#

Squamous cell carcinoma (upper/mid), Adenocarcinoma (lower, Barrett). Treatment: Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy for resectable disease.

Gastric Cancer#

Most common in antrum (India). Laen Classification: Type I (expansile), Type II (ulcerative), Type III (infiltrative). Treatment: D2 gastrectomy + adjuvant chemo.

Colorectal Cancer#

Right colon: Ann Arbor configuration (exophytic). Left colon: Constricting (apple-core on barium). Treatment: Segmental colectomy + lymphadenectomy.

TNM Staging#

T (tumor extent), N (nodal), M (metastasis). Stage grouping determines treatment.