RBC Indices
MCV (fL): 80-100. MCH (pg): 27-31. MCHC (%): 32-36.
- Microcytic: MCV <80 (IDA, thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease)
- Normocytic: MCV 80-100 (hemolysis, aplastic)
- Macrocytic: MCV >100 (B12, folate, alcohol, liver disease)
Coagulation Cascade
Intrinsic: XII -> XI -> IX -> VIII -> X (measured by aPTT)
Extrinsic: VII -> X (measured by PT/INR)
Common: X -> V -> II (prothrombin) -> I (fibrinogen)
Blood Groups
ABO: A (A antigen), B (B antigen), AB (both), O (neither). Rh: Positive (D antigen present), Negative (D absent). Universal donor: O-. Universal recipient: AB+.
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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