Osteoarthritis
Most common arthritis. Weight-bearing joints (knee, hip, spine). Heberden nodes (DIP), Bouchard nodes (PIP). X-ray: joint space narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis. Treatment: NSAIDs, physiotherapy, joint replacement.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Symmetrical small joint involvement. Morning stiffness >1hr. X-ray: periarticular osteopenia, marginal erosions, joint space narrowing. Treatment: DMARDs.
Crystal Arthropathy
Gout: Monosodium urate crystals. Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent. Podagra (1st MTP). Treatment: NSAIDs, Colchicine, Steroids, Allopurinol (long-term).
Pseudogout: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. Rhomboid, positively birefringent. Knee most common.
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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