Types of Glaucoma
Primary open-angle: Most common. Insidious. Cupped optic disc, field defects (arcuate, nasal step). IOP elevated. Treatment: eye drops -> laser -> surgery.
Primary angle-closure: Acute (halos, severe pain, fixed mid-dilated pupil, nausea). Treatment: pilocarpine, acetazolamide, peripheral iridotomy.
Secondary: Due to other conditions (uveitis, steroid use, trauma, neovascular).
Visual Field Defects
- Arcuate scotoma: Arc-shaped defect from disc to macula
- Nasal step: Step defect respecting horizontal midline
- Paracentral scotoma: Small defect near fixation
- Tubular vision: End-stage glaucoma
Treatment Algorithm
First line: Prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost). Second: Beta-blockers (timolol). Third: CA inhibitors (dorzolamide). Add pilocarpine for angle-closure.
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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