Stages of Labour
First stage: Cervical dilatation (0-10cm). Latent phase (0-3cm, slow), Active phase (3-10cm, 1cm/hr). Duration: 8-12 hrs (primigravida), 5-8 hrs (multigravida).
Second stage: Full dilatation to delivery of baby. Duration: 1-2 hrs (primi), 30 min (multi).
Third stage: Delivery of baby to delivery of placenta. Active management: Oxytocin + controlled cord traction.
Partograph
Records: Cervical dilatation (alert line at 4cm, action at 1cm/hr less), FHR, membranes, liquor, contractions, pulse, BP.
Complications
Prolonged labour, obstructed labour, cord prolapse, shoulder dystocia, PPH (4Ts: Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin).
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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