Contraception Methods for UPSC CMS: Effectiveness, Mechanism and Failure Rates Compared

Barrier Methods#

Male condom (98% effective with perfect use), Female condom, Diaphragm, Cervical cap.

Hormonal Methods#

Combined oral contraceptive pill: Contains estrogen + progestogen. Mechanism: suppress ovulation, thicken cervical mucus. Pearl index: 0.3.

Progestogen-only pill: Suppress ovulation, thicken mucus. Pearl index: 0.5.

Injectables: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). 3-monthly injection.

IUCDs#

Copper IUCD: Non-hormonal. Effective 5 years. Levonorgestrel IUCD (Mirena): Hormonal, reduces bleeding.

Permanent Methods#

Male sterilization (vasectomy), Female sterilization (tubal ligation).

Natural Methods#

Calendar method, Basal body temperature, Cervical mucus (Billings).