Infectious Disease for UPSC CMS: Typhoid, Malaria, Dengue, HIV and Emerging Infections

Typhoid#

S. typhi. Step-ladder fever, rose spots, intestinal ulcers (terminal ileum). Widal test (not reliable). Blood culture (gold standard). Treatment: Azithromycin, Cefixime, Ciprofloxacin.

Malaria#

P. falciparum: Most severe, cerebral malaria, blackwater fever. P. vivax: Relapsing, benign tertian. P. malariae: Quartan, nephrotic syndrome.

Dengue#

NS1 (day 1-5), IgM (day 5+), IgG (day 10+). Warning signs: abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, mucosal bleeding, lethargy. NS1 > antigen, rising hematocrit.