Classification
Conductive: Problem in outer/middle ear. Sound cannot reach cochlea. Causes: wax, perforation, otosclerosis, otitis media.
Sensorineural: Problem in inner ear or 8th nerve. Causes: presbycusis, noise trauma, Menieres, acoustic neuroma, drugs (gentamicin).
Mixed: Both conductive and sensorineural components.
Investigations
Weber test: Tuning fork on forehead. Lateralizes to affected ear in conductive, to normal ear in sensorineural.
Rinne test: Tuning fork on mastoid then near ear. Air conduction > Bone conduction = Rinne positive (normal or SNHL). BC > AC = Rinne negative (conductive).
Management
Conductive: treat cause, surgery if needed. Sensorineural: hearing aids, cochlear implants.
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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