Gynaecology Common Disorders for UPSC CMS: PCOS, Fibroids, Endometriosis and PID

PCOS#

Polycystic ovary syndrome. Rotterdam criteria: 2 of 3 — Oligo/anovulation, Hyperandrogenism (clinical/biochemical), Polycystic ovaries on USG.

Management: Lifestyle (first-line), Metformin, OCPs (for cycle regulation), Clomiphene for infertility, Spironolactone for hirsutism.

Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyoma)#

Benign smooth muscle tumor. Types: Intramural, Submucosal, Subserosal, Cervical.

Symptoms: Menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, pelvic mass, infertility.
Treatment: Myomectomy (desire fertility), Hysterectomy (completed family), Uterine artery embolization, MRI-guided FUS.

Endometriosis#

Ectopic endometrial tissue. Common sites: Ovaries (chocolate cyst), Pouch of Douglas, Uterosacral ligaments.

Diagnosis: Laparoscopy (gold standard). Treatment: NSAIDs, OCPs, Progestins, GnRH analogues, Surgery.