Forensic Medicine Identification for UPSC CMS: DNA, Fingerprints, Dental and Age Estimation

DNA Profiling#

Most accurate identification method. STR analysis. Match probability: 1 in several billion. Used in paternity, criminal cases, disaster victim identification.

Fingerprint Classification#

Loops (60%), Whorls (30%), Arches (10%). Permanent from birth. Even identical twins have different fingerprints.

Dental Identification#

Most reliable in fire/advanced decomposition. Compare ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records. Dental pulp DNA if needed.

Age Estimation#

Dental: Nolla stages (children), secondary dentin deposition (adults), root translucency (aging).
Skeletal: Epiphyseal fusion, pubic symphysis, sternal rib ends, dental wear.