Local Anaesthetics
Amide type: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine. Metabolized in liver.
Ester type: Procaine, Chloroprocaine, Cocaine. Metabolized by pseudocholinesterase.
Mechanism: Block Na+ channels -> prevent depolarization.
Spinal Anaesthesia
Lidocaine (short), Bupivacaine (long). Level depends on baricity, dose, patient position. Complications: hypotension, post-dural puncture headache, nerve damage.
Epidural Anaesthesia
Catheter placed in epidural space. Used for labour analgesia, post-op analgesia, chronic pain. Can top-up as needed.
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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