Local and Regional Anaesthesia for UPSC CMS: Types, Indications, Complications and Drug Doses

Local Anaesthetics#

Amide type: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine. Metabolized in liver.
Ester type: Procaine, Chloroprocaine, Cocaine. Metabolized by pseudocholinesterase.

Mechanism: Block Na+ channels -> prevent depolarization.

Spinal Anaesthesia#

Lidocaine (short), Bupivacaine (long). Level depends on baricity, dose, patient position. Complications: hypotension, post-dural puncture headache, nerve damage.

Epidural Anaesthesia#

Catheter placed in epidural space. Used for labour analgesia, post-op analgesia, chronic pain. Can top-up as needed.